The current debate between Thomists of the corruptionist view and the survivalist view revolves around the most appropriate interpretation of Thomas’ texts about the persistence of the person after death. The present article criticizes both views, and offers a new interpretation of Thomas which is capable of resolving the problem. However, the main scope of the paper consists in offering an alternative theory to the hylomorphic view of the person, and introduces a more adequate and coherent theoretical framework to make (...) explicit the ontological status of the human being and their place in the world. The result will be the explication of the holistic-configurational theory of the person from structural- systematic philosophy that shows how the personal configuration persists after bodily death because of its intentional-systematic location in the whole of Being, determined by the prime facts intentionally coextensive with Being. Keywords: Hylomorphic view. Survival of the person. Structural-systematic philosophy. Thomism. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda numa perspectiva filosófica a relação entre a divisão das artes belas propostas por Kant e Hegel. Objetiva explicitar as aproximações e distanciamentos entre a divisão das belas artes apresentadas pelos filósofos citados, apontando suas semelhanças e diferenças. Fundamenta sua análise nas obras Crítica da Faculdade do Juízo de 1790 e Cursos de Estética de 1820-21, respectivamente elaboradas por Immanuel Kant e Friedrich Hegel. Realiza uma análise comparativa entre a divisão das artes belas kantiana e hegeliana. Apresenta (...) inicialmente a divisão das artes belas na perspectiva kantiana, abordando o conceito de arte bela, sua classificação e sua hierarquia, segundo o filósofo de Königsberg. Em seguida, expõe a divisão das artes segundo Hegel, apresentando o seu conceito de belo artístico, as formas de arte simbólica, clássica e romântica, expondo e analisando também as artes particulares de acordo com o filósofo de Stuttgart. Conclui afirmando que, apesar das diferenças entre ambas análises sobre a divisão das belas artes, tais como a defesa de Hegel em relação belo artístico e a de Kant ao belo natural, a afirmação hegeliana que há uma ciência do belo enquanto a concepção kantiana é de que não há ciência do belo, por exemplo, os filósofos em destaque concordam, entre outros aspectos, que a poesia ocupa o lugar mais alto na hierarquia das belas artes, sendo a mais livre e espiritual delas. (shrink)

No presente artigo investigam-se as razões que levaram Descartes, no primeiro século da Modernidade, a insistir em assegurar um lugar para a metafísica, reabilitando-a no interior de sua teoria do conhecimento e conferindo-lhe, assim, estatuto de ciência. Para tanto, procuraremos estabelecer um vínculo entre o desenvolvimento da ciência no séc. XVII, a Metafísica e a existência humana à luz da filosofia Cartesiana.

O objetivo do presente artigo é tornar explicíta a tese jonasiana segundo a qual matéria e espírito, mente e corpo expressam duas dimensões irredutíveis do ser como um todo. O artigo se compõe de duas partes: na primeira, mostra-se a argumentação de Jonas contra o fisicalismo no nível do biológico, e na segunda, apresenta-se a argumentação crítica no nível do mental. Desautorizar a tese do monismo materialista é tão importante para a ética da responsabilidade como foi para Jonas criticar o (...) dualismo cartesiano, contra o qual ele elaborou sua biologia filosófica. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata sobre uma interpretação hermenêutica em Paul Ricoeur com aplicação no tomo l: O caminho de Swann; da obra Em busca do tempo perdido, de Marcel Proust. Buscamos compreender como Ricoeur assegura que os princípios interpretativos em hermenêutica possuem dupla tarefa: o seu sentido e a sua referência, respectivamente, a reconstrução da dinâmica interna do texto e o poder de projetar-se para fora de si, representando um projeto de mundo habitável. Para tanto, o nosso objetivo foi verificar (...) como na citada obra literária as personagens coexistem nas experiências irreais da narrativa mediante as concepções de Ricoeur sobre o tempo e a memória. O método utilizado foi hermenêutico conforme a concepção de Ricoeur em que está vinculado à uma hermenêutica filosófica que não se define de maneira unívoca, mas, de forma tripla: é método, interpretação e reflexão. E obtivemos como resultados principais que o tempo da narrativa de ficção está livre dos vínculos com o tempo cronológico e a recorrência mnemônica refere-se à memória involuntária. Dessa forma, concluimos que a independência da narrativa de ficção do tempo cronológico permite explorar recursos do tempo fenomenológico e que a memória involuntária irrompe na personagem a depender dos sentidos que um gesto banal e cotidiano como a degustação de um chá de Tília com bolinhos de Madeleine desperta-lhe para a busca do seu passado. (shrink)

Resumo: O tema do artigo é referente à presença de iberismo e anglo-americanismo no Brasil e às expressões dessas heteronomias como obstáculos a uma identidade brasileira. A abordagem se alimenta das polêmicas desencadeadas por Richard Morse e sua tese sobre a Ibéria perdida, o Brasil à deriva e sua universidade descompromissada. A tese de Morse afirma a vitalidade da tradição ibérica original e sua capacidade de inspirar futuros para o Brasil, em inversão à referência anglo-americana, inconsistente e sem futuro. O (...) artigo situa as triangulações entre Brasil, Ibéria e EUA e busca em Teixeira um contraponto à tese de Morse sobre a colonialidade e o descompromisso acadêmico brasileiro. O argumento tem ancoragem em pesquisa envolvendo textos de autoria dos dois intelectuais, biografias e estudos de trajetória. O primeiro movimento apresenta Morse, sua tese sobre a Ibéria e sobre a América Ibérica e sua crítica aos acadêmicos. O segundo movimento situa a trajetória e escrita de Teixeira e destaca sua posição sobre a “civilização americana” com a finalidade de evidenciar um intelectual inverso ao homo academic descompromissado de Morse. As considerações finais retomam pontos de “descomparação” para evidenciar a inspiração anglo-americana e o compromisso de Teixeira com o Brasil. Palavras-chave: Anísio Teixeira; Richard Morse; Iberismo; Anglo-americanismo; Intelectuais. Anísio Teixeira and Richard Morse: inverse triangulations between iberism, brazil and anglo-americanism Abstract: The theme of the article refers to the presence of Iberianism and Anglo-Americanism in Brazil and the expressions of these heteronomies as obstacles to a Brazilian identity. The approach is based on the controversies raised by Richard Morse and his thesis on lost Iberia, Brazil adrift and its uncommitted university. Morse's thesis affirms the vitality of the original Iberian tradition and its capacity to inspire futures for Brazil, the opposite of the Anglo-American reference, according to him, inconsistent and without a future. The article locates the triangulations between Brazil, Iberia and the USA and seeks in Teixeira a counterpoint to Morse's thesis on coloniality and Brazilian academic lack of commitment. The argument is anchored in research involving texts written by the two intellectuals, biographies and trajectory studies. The first movement presents Morse, his thesis on Iberia and Iberian America and his critique of academics. The second movement locates Teixeira's trajectory and writing and highlights his position on “American civilization” with the purpose of showing an intellectual different from Morse's uncommitted homo academic. The final considerations take up points of “discomparison” to highlight the Anglo-American inspiration and Teixeira's commitment to Brazil. Key-words: Anísio Teixeira; Richard Morse; Iberism; Anglo-Americanism; Intelectuals. Anísio Teixeira y Richard Morse: triangulaciones inversas entre iberismo, brasil y angloamericanismo Resumen: El tema del artículo se refiere a la presencia del ibero y del angloamericanismo en Brasil y las expresiones de estas heteronomías como obstáculos a la identidad brasileña. El planteamiento se alimenta de las polémicas desatadas por Richard Morse y su tesis sobre Iberia perdida, Brasil a la deriva y su universidad no comprometida. La tesis de Morse afirma la vitalidad de la tradición ibérica originaria y su capacidad de inspirar futuros para Brasil, en inversión del referente angloamericano, inconsistente y sin futuro. El artículo ubica las triangulaciones entre Brasil, Iberia y Estados Unidos y busca en Teixeira un contrapunto a la tesis de Morse sobre la colonialidad y la falta de compromiso académico brasileño. El argumento está anclado en investigaciones que involucran textos escritos por los dos intelectuales, biografías y estudios de trayectoria. El primer movimiento presenta a Morse, su tesis sobre Iberia e Iberoamérica y su crítica a los académicos. El segundo movimiento ubica la trayectoria y la escritura de Teixeira y resalta su posición sobre la “civilización estadounidense” con el propósito de mostrar un inverso intelectual al homo académico no comprometido de Morse. Las consideraciones finales retoman puntos de “descompensación” para resaltar la inspiración angloamericana y el compromiso de Teixeira con Brasil. Palabras-llaves: Anísio Teixeira; Richard Morse; Iberismo; Angloamericanismo; Intelectuales. Data de registro: 21/10/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

The distinction between actus humanus and actus hominis is the best-known distinction in Thomas Aquinas’ theory of action. A human action (actus humanus) is a special case of an act of a human being (actus hominis). Several acts of our intellect and will form a human action and thereby put it from the realm of pure natural happenings (genus naturae) into the moral realm (genus moris). The paper at hand shows the character and main parameters of Thomas Aquinas’ action theory, (...) especially in the Summa theologiae I-II, quaestiones 6-17. Moreover, it presents Thomas Aquinas’ central idea of what is the essence of a human action. The analysis especially makes use of the element of command (imperium) It shows that, according to Aquinas, acting consists in the intellectually comprehensible self-disclosure of a person and therefore builds the basis for the moral evaluation of human actions. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.ResultsThe experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from (...) the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.ConclusionThe discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health. (shrink)

Este artigo visa abordar a relação entre poesia e o pensamento filosófico através da aproximação entre a estética kantiana e a obra de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Faz uma apresentação da obra do poeta nas quatro fases de seu desenvolvimento. Expõe brevemente a concepção estética de Kant destacando sua classificação das artes, seu conceito de belas artes e o lugar privilegiado que o filósofo dá à arte poética. Empreende uma aproximação das belas artes e da poesia com o Poema de (...) Sete Faces de Drummond. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Science fiction is a literary genre that has spread around the world due, among other reasons, to its popularity; narratives contain exotic characters and fantastic intrigue. It is considered by the circle of scholars and critics, however, a “minor” literature; for discourse linguists, its aesthetic attributes remain in the background. The theory of points of view (POV), for example, can contribute to a better assessment of the genre. This article aims to study this literary genre via enunciation. First, we (...) talk about studies in narratology to delimit the place of science fiction (or sf) in the universe of narratives. Secondly, we talk about concepts and notations from POV theory within narratological studies to trigger a dialogical analysis of literary discourse. Thirdly, we analyze a fragment from Dune, by Frank Herbert, in its version into Brazilian Portuguese (2017). Finally, we propose that “superpowers” held by characters in this genre can be explained linguistically. (shrink)

This article investigates the existence of an original Brazilian legal culture. It parts from a critical examination of the key moments in the history of Brazil through the accounts of its most important scholars, such as Caio Prado Júnior, Darcy Ribeiro, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Wilson Martins, Oliveira Viana, Roberto Damatta, José Murilo de Carvalho, among others. It identifies in the Brazilian legal culture something one might call tradition of exception, which can be found in many of its (...) most prominent aspects, such as the persistent denial of any general or abstract regulatory standards, the uncritical introduction of foreign doctrines and legal patterns, the maintenance of aristocratic traditions in social life and the historical disregard of the Brazilian people as political subject. The article also offers a reflection on the problems and potentials of the current historic moment, in which for the first time Brazilians face the possibility of a genuine cultural emancipation. (shrink)

Inhaltsverzeichnis Sektion 7: Neukantianismus Jean-François Goubet: Paul Natorps Fichte-Rezeption in der »Praktischen Philosophie« von 1925 Geert Edel: Zum Fichte-Bild im Marburger Neukantianismus Frank Witzleben: Fichtes Subjektbegriff im Neukantianismus Sebastian Ullrich: Interpersonalität und Objektivität. Fichtes Spuren in Ernst Cassirers Grundlegung seiner »Philosophie der symbolischen Formen« Sektion 8: Hegelianismus und Spätidealismus Rainer Adolphi: Eine nicht eingestandene Auseinandersetzung. Über das implizite Verhältnis von späterem Fichte und Schelling Liu Zhe: Fichte¿s Practical Self-Consciousness and Hegel¿s Speculation. A Fundamental Dialogue in the Differenz-Schrift (1801) Jürgen (...) Stahl: Junghegelianische ¿Tatphilosophie¿ in ihrem Verhältnis zu Fichte Virginia López-Domínguez: Fichte und der anthropologische Materialismus Ludwig Feuerbachs Sektion 9.1: Phänomenologie: Husserl, Sartre Manuel Jiménez-Redondo: Husserls Begriff der transzendentalen Reduktion aus der Sicht der Philosophie des späten Fichte Jakub Kloc-Konkołowicz : Das Ich und der Andere. Intersubjektivität in der Philosophie Johann Gottlieb Fichtes und in der Phänomenologie Edmund Husserls Hans Georg von Manz: Die praktische Erfahrung des Anderen und die Funktion der Vergemeinschaftung bei Fichte und Husserl Quentin Landenne: Spekulative Ableitung und/oder phänomenologische Beschreibung der Geschichtlichkeit? Fichtes und Husserls transzendentale Geschichtsphilosophie Vadim Murskiy: Fichte und Husserl als Wissenschaftslehrer und Phänomenologen Cristiana Senigaglia: Intersubjektivität und Freiheit bei Fichte und Sartre Sektion 9.2: Phänomenologie: Heidegger, Jaspers, Levinas Markus Gabriel: Endlichkeit und absolutes Ich ¿ Heideggers Fichtekritik M. Jorge de Carvalho: Heideggers Auseinandersetzung mit Fichtes drei Grundsätzen der Wissenschaftslehre ¿ die Frage nach der Endlichkeit Christoph Binkelmann: Seinssuche. Fichte ¿ Heidegger ¿ Fichte Helmut Girndt: Georg Simmel und Johann Gottlieb Fichte zu Kants kategorischem Imperativ Ives Radrizzani: Das Selbst, der Andere und die Grenze bei Fichte und Levinas M. A. Pushkareva: J. G. Fichte als Begründer der Phänomenologie Franco Gilli: Fichtesche Anklänge im Denken Karl Jaspers. Versuch einer hermeneutischen Lektüre. (shrink)

Frank Ramsey was the greatest of the remarkable generation of Cambridge philosophers and logicians which included G. E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Maynard Keynes. Before his tragically early death in 1930 at the age of twenty-six, he had done seminal work in mathematics and economics as well as in logic and philosophy. This volume, with a new and extensive introduction by D. H. Mellor, contains all Ramsey's previously published writings on philosophy and the foundations of mathematics. The (...) latter gives the definitive form and defence of the reduction of mathematics to logic undertaken in Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica; the former includes the most profound and original studies of universals, truth, meaning, probability, knowledge, law and causation, all of which are still constantly referred to, and still essential reading for all serious students of these subjects. (shrink)

In this book, Frank Griffel presents the most comprehensive examination to date of the life and thought of this important figure.

Jecker et al. (2024) propose seven ethical principles to guide international bioethics conferencing, applying them to the selection of Qatar as the location for the 2024 World Congress of Bioethics...

Frank Jackson; VIII*—Conditionals and Possibilia, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 81, Issue 1, 1 June 1981, Pages 125–138, https://doi.org/10.10.

Galasso (2024) reiterates the problem of medical research being grounded on data from people with European ancestry and subsequently describes efforts made by the All of Us Research Program in the...

Volume 20, Issue 4, May 2020, Page 94-97.

COVID-19 has disproportionately affected ethnic minorities and migrants, not only through an increased risk of infection and death (Pan et al. 2020), but also through experiences of harassment, mar...

Walsh (2020) underscores how dementia leads to a cognitive transformative experience, which can result in a change in preferences, values, and beliefs. This transformation supports placing greater...

This retitled excerpt from Frank Kermode’s introduction to the symposium “Beyond Post-: A Revaluation of the Revaluation of All Values” is republished here in a special issue of representative pieces from the journal’s first twenty-five years. Kermode had called for papers in the journal’s inaugural issue on “the question of value” and was to a degree disappointed with the results. He had wanted the ensuing symposium to treat and even focus on axiology in the arts, but the papers answering (...) his call mainly dealt with political and ethical matters. In this introduction he replies chiefly to pieces by the philosophers Richard Rorty and Paul Feyerabend dealing with poverty, famine, sickness, and environmental concerns, but Kermode also addresses and mostly agrees with arguments made in Common Knowledge 1:1 by the philosopher Bernard Williams. Kermode’s piece concludes by restating the hope of his call for papers that “the matter of literary value” will be treated “in the broad context” that Common Knowledge provides “for discussion of the philosophy of value. Precedence must obviously be given to a planet at risk, but to lose what has been valued in literature is a sure way of increasing the unpleasantness of the future.”. (shrink)

Frank Mitjans is an architect who has worked in London since 1976. He was introduced to the significance of the figure of St. Thomas More by Andrés Vázquez de Prada, author of the biography, Sir Tomás Moro, Lord Canciller de Inglaterra. In 1977 Vázquez de Prada invited Mitjans to visit with him the Thomas More Exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery, which stimulated his interest in representations of More, his family and his friends. Since August 2002 he has given (...) many presentations and talks on the topography of More’s London to groups of students and other interested people in Britain, Ireland, and Sweden. Frank Mitjans, architecte qui travaille à Londres depuis 1976, fut initié au personnage de Saint Thomas More par Andrés Vázquez de Prada, auteur de la biographie Sir Tomás Moro, Lord Canciller de Inglaterra. En 1977 Vázquez de Prada l’invita à l’accompagner dans sa visite de l’exposition Thomas More à la National Portrait Gallery, évènement qui aiguisa son intérêt pour les représentations de More, de sa famille et de ses amis. Depuis août 2002 il a régulièrement fait des présentations et des exposés à des groupes d’étudiants et d’autres en Grande-Bretagne, Irlande et Suède au sujet de la topographie du Londres de Thomas More. The recent exhibitions of the works of Holbein in London and Basel, and scholarly publications such as Holbein and England, have rekindled interest in the Portrait of Thomas More and his Family, and in the late sixteenth-century versions of Holbein’s presumed lost original. The present paper analyses the differences between the sixteenth-century versions and Holbein’s 1527 composition sketch, and concludes that the sketch is a more reliable witness to Holbein’s lost painting than the later versions, as well as the only authentic witness to More’s intentions; though anything we learn from the drawing must be checked against what we know from More’s letters and writings and other biographical data. From the later versions, however, and in particular from the references to Seneca on them, we can learn about those who commissioned them and England’s peculiar historical circumstances. (shrink)

Frank Mitjans is an architect who has worked in London since 1976. He was introduced to the significance of the figure of St. Thomas More by Andrés Vázquez de Prada, author of the biography, Sir Tomás Moro, Lord Canciller de Inglaterra. In 1977 Vázquez de Prada invited Mitjans to visit with him the Thomas More Exhibition at the National Portrait Gallery, which stimulated his interest in representations of More, his family and his friends. Since August 2002 he has given (...) many presentations and talks on the topography of More’s London to groups of students and other interested people in Britain, Ireland, and Sweden. Frank Mitjans, architecte qui travaille à Londres depuis 1976, fut initié au personnage de Saint Thomas More par Andrés Vázquez de Prada, auteur de la biographie Sir Tomás Moro, Lord Canciller de Inglaterra. En 1977 Vázquez de Prada l’invita à l’accompagner dans sa visite de l’exposition Thomas More à la National Portrait Gallery, évènement qui aiguisa son intérêt pour les représentations de More, de sa famille et de ses amis. Depuis août 2002 il a régulièrement fait des présentations et des exposés à des groupes d’étudiants et d’autres en Grande-Bretagne, Irlande et Suède au sujet de la topographie du Londres de Thomas More. The recent exhibitions of the works of Holbein in London and Basel, and scholarly publications such as Holbein and England, have rekindled interest in the Portrait of Thomas More and his Family, and in the late sixteenth-century versions of Holbein’s presumed lost original. The present paper analyses the differences between the sixteenth-century versions and Holbein’s 1527 composition sketch, and concludes that the sketch is a more reliable witness to Holbein’s lost painting than the later versions, as well as the only authentic witness to More’s intentions; though anything we learn from the drawing must be checked against what we know from More’s letters and writings and other biographical data. From the later versions, however, and in particular from the references to Seneca on them, we can learn about those who commissioned them and England’s peculiar historical circumstances. (shrink)

Using this case, Lavazza and Reichlin (2018) explored the ethical dilemmas associated with decision making in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), specifically when their new preferences conflict...

Nos encontros com pesquisadoras(es), o processo de revisão de literatura e pesquisas feministas com/na Educação Matemática, emergem algumas considerações sobre a importância de tomar a revisão de literatura como constituinte do fazer pesquisa. Uma revisão de literatura feminista não e simplesmente um procedimento de revisão de literatura a ser aplicado em pesquisas que se intitulam feministas. Ao invés disso, mobilizando conceitos teórico-metodológicos feministas, como conhecimento situado e afeto enquanto um dispositivo para se operar no/com o fenômeno, nós propomos uma ideia (...) diferente. A revisão de literatura feminista pode ser vista-experienciada como um importante território para criar relações-encontros com ambos pesquisas e pesquisadoras(es). Ela permite nos aproximarmos de modos outros de entender-fazer pesquisa em emaranhamentos com a literatura, práticas matemáticas, feminismos, seres humanos, linguagens, mecanismos de busca, etc. Nesse território, nos afetamos e somos afetados pela literatura, e esses encontros abrem portas para direções-conexões outras. Dessa maneira, nos criamos possibilidades para nos afastar de normas patriarcais excludentes na academia. (shrink)

The idea that deep brain stimulation (DBS) induces changes to personality, identity, agency, authenticity, autonomy and self (PIAAAS) is so deeply entrenched within neuroethics discourses that it has become an unchallenged narrative. In this article, we critically assess evidence about putative effects of DBS on PIAAAS. We conducted a literature review of more than 1535 articles to investigate the prevalence of scientific evidence regarding these potential DBS-induced changes. While we observed an increase in the number of publications in theoretical neuroethics (...) that mention putative DBS-induced changes to patients’ postoperative PIAAAS, we found a critical lack of primary empirical studies corroborating these claims. Our findings strongly suggest that the theoretical neuroethics debate on putative effects of DBS relies on very limited empirical evidence and is, instead, reliant on unsubstantiated speculative assumptions probablyin lieuof robust evidence. As such, this may reflect the likelihood of a speculative neuroethics bubble that may need to be deflated. Nevertheless, despite the low number of first-hand primary studies and large number of marginal and single case reports, potential postoperative DBS changes experienced by patients remain a critical ethical concern. We recommend further empirical research in order to enhance theoretical neuroethics work in the area. In particular, we call for the development of better instruments capable of capturing potential postoperative variations of PIAAAS. (shrink)

The article examines two digital phenomena linked to money and finance, which are the bitcoin and high-frequency trading, through the lens of Vilém Flusser’s concept of technical image. Flusser’s theory highlights three aspects of technical images: they are engendered by the act of organizing particles, are produced by people who operate devices through keys, and are mediated by code, which is linear and pertains to the era of written text, which Flusser conflates with the notion of history. In this article, (...) the argument focuses on the aspects of high-frequency trading and the blockchain that relate to the idea of images. The sections investigate how money has historically operated in the logic of Flusser’s description of symbol manipulation in relation to consciousness and temporality: from the circular time of magical consciousness to the linear time of historical consciousness, and more recently, to the non-dimensional time of post-historical consciousness. The article argues that there are two levels, or layers, in the images involved in cryptocurrencies or algorithmic trading, but only one of them is visible to the human operator or viewer, in the form of a price. The other, which indeed represents the operations in the system, is only accessible to the machines themselves. The questions raised concern the role of these recent digital financial and monetary forms in the development of a reality dominated by apparatuses and technical images. (shrink)

Several artists, artisans, and mathematicians described fascinating solid bodies in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The knowledge they developed on the subject was so progressive that it is considered a milestone in the history of polyhedra. In the first part of this study we analyze, from a chronological and comparative perspective, the consistent studies developed between 1460 and 1583 on those that came to be recognized as Archimedean Solids. The authors who engaged in such studies were Piero della Francesca, Luca (...) Pacioli, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer, Augustin Hirschvogel, an Anonymous Author who accomplished remarkable studies between 1538 and 1556, Wentzel Jamnitzer, Daniele Barbaro, Lorenz Stöer, Rafael Bombelli, and Simon Stevin. In the second part, we discuss how the revolutionary method of describing solid bodies with planar nets contributed to the rediscovery of the Archimedean Solids. We also present our interpretation of some of the studies by the Anonymous Author and our conclusions on his identity and influence on other authors. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to elucidate the evolution of the concept of poverty in Rousseau’s reflections. This will be done through the analysis of three depictions of poverty taken from the philosopher’s texts. The goal is to demonstrate that, beyond the apparent ambiguity in the use of the term ‘poverty,’ Rousseau engages in a semantic play with multiple functions, highlighting the importance of this theme. Finally, it will be proposed how the status of poverty can be seen as (...) relative, showing how the meaning of the term evolves into new senses. (shrink)

In this paper it is championed that a two stages hypothesis for the evolution of language must take into account a qualified approach to heterochrony and the available information from the archaeological record. As it seems, a protracted childhood and youth was already at work in Homo erectus, but early postnatal brain growth was only available to Homo sapiens. According to these facts, the term hysteron proteron is given here to the reversal that sets off linguistic capacity during the first (...) three years of life, upon the ancient abilities for social, natural and technological knowledge, which were already established during the last 2 Mya BP. The unfolding of linguistic capacity creates the typical effect that ontogeny reverses phylogeny: since late postnatal brain growth, quite recent in evolution, launches in ontogeny before the phylogenetically old processes of playing and learning take place during childhood and youth. Full symbolic abilities may be explained as emerging from older semiotic competences based on iconicity and indexicality, which would have presumably sustained human life for millennia. Furthermore, it is argued that the formation of linguistic categories follows from that overlaying of extended connectivity linked to early postnatal brain growth, inasmuch as it entangles and transforms previous iconic and referential information: i.e. the ancient semiotic capacities for proprioception, embodiment, extended mimesis and pragmatic knowledge, shaping a sort of self-organization process that provides the formal and semantic properties we find in articulated languages. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta a pertinência do olhar dissidente de Jan Patočka para a atualidade. A partir de sua obra fundamental, tecemos considerações em torno à sua perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial. O intuito é destacar seu engajamento filosófico existencial, a pertinência de suas críticas ao totalitarismo e sua preocupação com o avanço de uma tecnocracia que ameaça a existência humana. Argumenta-se que a postura filosófica do filósofo de Praga torna-se paradigmática para a conjuntura atual e para a práxis filosófica autêntica.

Neste artigo, apresentamos parte de um estudo realizado em um grupo aberto do Facebook de negacionistas das vacinas. Com referenciais teóricos pautados na Teoria AtorRede (ANT) e nos estudos de Bruno Latour, Anne-Marie Mol e John Law, tivemos o objetivo de mapear os processos de atuação e de construção de realidades de um grupo de negacionistas da vacina. Além da ANT, nossas orientações metodológicas estiveram pautadas também na Análise de Rede Social (ARS). Assim, investigamos posts e o conteúdo dos comentários (...) produzidos por membros da comunidade entre os meses de março e abril de 2021. Nossos resultados indicam que os participantes dessa comunidade antivacina produzem realidades em que se observam movimentos de ataque e de defesa contra a ciência. Diante disso, sugerimos que também nos posicionemos diante desta guerra em prol da defesa da ciência, dos cientistas, do conhecimento científico, assim como da democracia e da composição de um bom mundo comum. (shrink)

The article explores the proximity between Simondon’s philosophical project and phenomenology through his relation to Merleau-Ponty. Three concepts that link the two philosophers are examined: genesis, relation, and Simondon’s preindividual, which are shown to constitute an attempt to answer questions Merleau-Ponty was addressing in his later work. The article shows how Simondon’s argument for ontogenesis rather than ontology is related to Merleau-Ponty’s ontological project, which in turn originates in the latter’s reading of Husserl, particularly the interest in genetic phenomenology expressed (...) as early as the Phenomenology of Perception. It then shows that the radical notion of relation employed by Simondon responds to problems Merleau-Ponty had encountered in thinking the corps propre and the chiasm. The paper then discusses the link between Merleau-Ponty’s thinking of the flesh and Simondon’s concept of preindividual. By confronting these two bodies of work, the article suggests that phenomenology is an important starting point for Simondon. (shrink)

The paper studies the contribution of Joaquim de Carvalho, a teacher at the University of Coimbra in the first half of last century, to the phenomenological movement in Portugal. Its importance is not restricted to the introduction he had prepared for the Portuguese translation of The Philosophy of rigor as science. He used the lessons of Edmund Husserl to build a critique of Hegelian and positivist conceptions in his work History of Philosophy. It also draws on phenomenology to treat (...) problems such as homesickness. All these aspects of the project as publisher of phenomenology in Portugal, especially in education. (shrink)

Texto que compõe o Dossiê em homenagem aos professores do curso de Filosofia da UFPI.

The phenomenological effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on the self of the patient remains poorly understood and under described in the literature, despite growing evidence that a significant number of patients experience postoperative neuropsychiatric changes. To address this lack of phenomenological evidence, we conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 17 patients with Parkinson's disease who had undergone DBS. Exploring the subjective character specific to patients' experience of being implanted gives empirical and conceptual understanding of the potential phenomenon of DBS-induced self-estrangement. (...) Our study concluded that (1) the more patients preoperatively felt alienated by their illness, the more they experienced postoperative self-estrangement, and (2) the notion of self-estrangement seems to exist in association with certain common qualitative characters, namely, loss of control, which reflects a deteriorative estrangement, and distorted perception of capacities, which reveals a restorative estrangement. These findings indicate that subjective self-reports help us to understand some aspects of the potential phenomenon of DBS-induced self-estrangement. (shrink)

No ensaio Que é a literatura? publicado originalmente em 1947, Jean-Paul Sartredesenvolve os seus argumentos em resposta às duras críticas que recebia em razão do princípiodo engajamento característico de suas obras literárias. Esses críticos entendiam que Sartreutilizava a literatura como pretexto para propagar e defender suas teses políticas e filosóficas,produzindo assim um tipo de literatura engajada, distorcendo e empobrecendo o sentido nobreda arte das belles-lettres. Em resposta a essas críticas, a intenção de Sartre é fazer uma exaltaçãoda literatura, compreendendo-a como (...) um livre desvendamento do sentido de mundo por meiode um objeto imaginário, um pacto de generosidade entre autor e leitor. Com objetivo dediscutir o sentido filosófico da literatura, este artigo se fundamenta na ontologiafenomenológica de Sartre e nos argumentos apresentados pelo autor em resposta a seus críticos,apresentando o princípio de engajamento a partir do conceito de intencionalidade daconsciência e o sentido fenomenológico da imaginação, entendendo que se trata de umadiscussão que embasa filosoficamente o entendimento do autor sobre o que é a literatura e suaimportância para a constituição da subjetividade e afirmação da liberdade. (shrink)

A coletânea Educação matemática: diálogos teóricos e metodológicosresulta dos cinco eventos promovidos pelo Grupo de estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Matemática – GEPEMA/UFVJM, em parceria com o Curso de Licenciatura em Matemática e colaboradores, o primeiro dos quais realizado nas dependências da Fundação Educacional do Nordeste Mineiro – FENORD.

A espiritualidade não está presente apenas no indivíduo adulto. As crianças possuem experiências espontâneas e genuínas com o sagrado. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo conduzir uma revisão sistemática da literatura para acessar estudos sobre Espiritualidade Infantil. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados: CAPES, SCIELO e ERIC no período de 2010 a 2020. Foram incluídos estudos que avaliaram alguma faceta da espiritualidade em crianças e adolescentes, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, no período entre 2010 e 2020. (...) Dos 380 artigos identificados, após exclusões iniciais, 80 foram classificados para leitura completa e 15 para análise qualitativa. Visualizou-se que ainda há poucos estudos sobre espiritualidade infantil, principalmente no Brasil, e a maioria dos estudos utilizou entrevistas para coleta de dados. (shrink)

La recopilación y el estudio de la balada en general, y del romancero en particular, ha constituido, desde que se empieza a despertar el interés de los folkloristas románticos, un campo especialmente propicio para ser utilizado como factor de reconstrucción de identidades políticas. El hecho de que música y texto estén en toda baladística inseparablemente unidos favorece esa potencialidad. Lo que este trabajo se plantea es por qué en el caso del romancero la tendencia dominante en su estudio se ha (...) caracterizado hasta el presente por un enfoque a escala nacional o hispánico, llegando a desaconsejarse incluso la práctica de las colecciones regionales o provinciales. Y qué condicionamientos metodológicos ha acarreado esta postura, a la que no se puede desligar –de otro lado– de una determinada concepción teórica de pueblo, como pueblo-nación, la cual viene a determinar –paralelamente– la evanescencia y licuación de una gente o pueblo más localizados y concretos: quienes no sólo transmiten, sino también crean la cultura, el verdadero folk. (shrink)

Identidad y misión de la Universidad Católica - Constitución Apostólica ex corde eclesial sobre la Universidad Católica (extracto) Juan Pablo II - La Universidad latinoamericana hoy / Ignacio Martín Baró, S.J. / - El rol de las Universidades Católicas en la tarea de evangelizar las culturas en América Latina / César Jerez S.J. / - Generar cultura autónoma / Ignacio Martín Baró, S.J / - La enseñanza de cómo ser crítico / John Passmore / - El capitalismo del saber / (...) Iván Illich / - Ensayo sobre educación en América Latina / Ernesto Sábato / - Los retos de la conciencia moderna - Discurso sobre espíritu positivo / Augusto Comte / - En torno a la crítica de la filosofía del derecho de Hegel / Kart Marx / - Prólogo a la contribución a la crítica de la economía política (1859) / Kart Marx / - El neocapitalismo como caldo de cultivo / Carlos Díaz / - La defensa de la libertad / Josef Pieper / - Moral para intelectuales / Carlos Vaz Ferreira / - Desafíos de la globalización / Luis Ugalde S.J.... (shrink)

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a figura de Rosa Luxemburgo como exemplo de ascensão das mulheres ao espaço público tal qual descrito por Hannah Arendt, e refletir sobre os motivos que permitiram seu negligenciamento histórico. Tendo em vista que apesar de ter tido grandes contribuições teóricas e práticas e ter ascendido ao espaço público, ainda assim Rosa Luxemburgo fora negligenciada, estereotipada por meio da figura ora sanguinária, ora romantizada, e por esses motivos Arendt acredita que a política alemã não (...) obteve o reconhecimento devido que mereceria nem em vida e nem em morte. Para tanto, utilizaremos a distinção entre espaço público e espaço privado de Arendt, presente na obra _A condição humana,_ bem como seu ensaio intitulado “Rosa Luxemburgo: 1871-1919”, presente na obra _Homens em tempos sombrios_ _ _e a obra _Rosa Luxemburgo ou o Preço da Liberdade_ de Jörn Schütrumpf_. _Por fim, corroboramos com Hannah Arendt e trazemos também Jörn Schütrumpf para reafirmar que apesar de ter ocorrido uma pequena mudança em sua reputação, e algumas pessoas até saberem o nome de Rosa Luxemburgo, diante de sua grande contribuição teórica e prática seu reconhecimento acadêmico e político ainda é insuficiente, e acreditamos ainda ser possível um reconhecimento ainda que tardio da importância da figura de Rosa Luxemburgo para o pensamento teórico/filosófico político contemporâneo. (shrink)

RESUMO O conceito de desejo é raro na obra de Simondon. Stiegler baseia nessa falta sua crítica ao filósofo, causa de seu caráter “apolítico”. Mas todas as categorias com que está associado o desejo estão presentes: a noção de incompletude, o impulso para objetos exteriores, a relação necessária entre corpo e coletivo. Este artigo explora as conexões entre o conceito de subconsciente afetivo-emotivo em Simondon e a concepção do desejo como produtor de seus objetos. Essas conexões permitem questionar a inserção (...) de Simondon na filosofia de seu tempo e, pela releitura da crítica de Stiegler, esboçar as diretrizes da reflexão política apoiada em Simondon. ABSTRACT Simondon seldom mentions desire. Stiegler criticizes him for that, arguing it renders his thought “apolitical”. Yet, every category to which desire is associated can be found in Simondon: a notion of incompleteness, the impulse towards exterior objects, the relation between body and collective. This paper explores the links between Simondon's affective-emotive subconscious and the concept of desire, conceived as producer of its objects. These connections help to question Simondon's link to other philosophers of his day, by means of a reading of Stiegler's critique, which helps to sketch the outlines of a political reflection based on Simondon. (shrink)